一．鉛(qian)酸蓄電池(chi)按使(shi)用用途區(qu)分(fen)：

    啟動型蓄電池:

    瞬間放電能力強，卻不(bu)會(hui)深度(du)放電，持(chi)續時間3到5秒內，一般我們(men)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)時都(dou)會(hui)發(fa)現，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)型蓄(xu)電池(chi)持(chi)續啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)越大越打(da)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，因為啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)型蓄(xu)電瓶有一個能量蓄(xu)積過程(cheng)，不(bu)是均衡放電，一般工作也不(bu)會(hui)深度(du)放電，完全不(bu)需要靠脈沖電流來充(chong)飽和(he)，所以該(gai)蓄(xu)電池(chi)普遍用于汽(qi)車(che)、摩托(tuo)等作為啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機使用。

    動力(li)型蓄電池(也稱深循環(huan)電瓶)：

    瞬間放電(dian)(dian)能力較(jiao)差，但可(ke)(ke)以(yi)深度放電(dian)(dian)，并(bing)且放電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)流變化幅度比啟動(dong)型蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)小。一般適(shi)用于高(gao)爾(er)夫球(qiu)車、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)公共車輛、叉車、洗地機、杠桿式(shi)升降(jiang)機、新能源(yuan)、應急燈、休(xiu)閑型車等(deng)作為驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)使用。動(dong)力型蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)提供(gong)持續穩定的電(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應。

    后備電源(yuan)型蓄電池:

    主要使(shi)用于UPS電源、應(ying)急燈、通(tong)信機房等。其主要作用是(shi)停電時作為(wei)應(ying)急電源使(shi)用，一(yi)般(ban)不需要深度放電，因為(wei)一(yi)般(ban)停電后很(hen)快會恢復。

    4.儲能型蓄電池(chi)：

    主要用于風力、太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后將產生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能儲存起來后通過逆變器轉換成交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)提供給電(dian)(dian)(dian)網。

    二．按維護方(fang)式(shi)區分：

    1.開口富液蓄(xu)電池（加水型）：

    此類蓄電池(chi)大部(bu)分采用(yong)鉛銻合金板(ban)柵，充電時(shi)(shi)容易發生水分子的減少，每隔一定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間必須檢(jian)查電解液(ye)的液(ye)面(mian)，如液(ye)面(mian)低于(yu)極(ji)板(ban)則添加(jia)蒸餾水至高于(yu)液(ye)面(mian)，還要經常測試酸(suan)的濃度。超過一段時(shi)(shi)間不使用(yong)需必須定(ding)期補(bu)充電等。

    2．閥控式貧液式蓄電池（所謂免維護蓄電池）：

  ;  閥控式蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)大部分采(cai)用鉛鈣合金板柵(zha)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時產生的(de)水(shui)分解量(liang)少(shao)，水(shui)份蒸發(fa)量(liang)低，加上外殼采(cai)用密封結構，釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)出來(lai)的(de)硫酸氣體(ti)（專業稱為酸霧）也很少(shao)，所(suo)以它與開口富液式蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相(xiang)比，具有不需添加任何液體(ti)，不會漏液，對接線樁頭、電(dian)(dian)線腐蝕(shi)少(shao)，抗過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)能力強，電(dian)(dian)量(liang)儲存(cun)時間長等優點。另外閥控式蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)由于自身(shen)結構上的(de)優勢，它還(huan)具有耐震、耐高(gao)溫(wen)、體(ti)積小(xiao)、自放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的(de)特點。使用壽命一般比開口富液式蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)長,減(jian)少(shao)了維護成(cheng)本，降(jiang)低了對使用人(ren)員的(de)管理標準。

    但切記閥控式(shi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)不是真正(zheng)的免維(wei)護電(dian)瓶，所謂(wei)稱之為免維(wei)護只是相對于(yu)開口(kou)富液蓄電(dian)池(chi)而(er)言，超過一段時間不使用也需(xu)采用定期補(bu)充電(dian)等維(wei)護措施。

    市場上的(de)免維護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)也有兩種(zhong)：一種(zhong)為(wei)不流動的(de)液體（AGM），另(ling)一種(zhong)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)解液為(wei)凝膠(jiao)狀(zhuang)（GEL）。GEL膠(jiao)體閥控(kong)(kong)(kong)式(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)比AGM閥控(kong)(kong)(kong)式(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有循環(huan)使(shi)用性能更好、自放電(dian)(dian)低(di)、電(dian)(dian)解液無分層現象及不會發生熱(re)失控(kong)(kong)(kong)等諸(zhu)多(duo)優勢。

    充電器）

    此種充電機一(yi)般內部都有變壓器。其優點是結(jie)構(gou)簡單(dan)，負載能力強一(yi)些，可靠性強；缺點是笨重(zhong)不易攜(xie)帶、內耗浪費大，控(kong)制性能比(bi)較(jiao)少(shao)。

    高頻充電機 （開關型充電器）

    高頻充電機顧名思(si)義就(jiu)是頻率(lv)高。其一般不帶變壓(ya)器(qi)，主要通(tong)過電子電路進(jin)行控制(zhi)。其優點(dian)是輕巧便攜，工作功能齊全。

    按(an)技術含(han)量區分：

    普通型充電機(ji)：

    主要適合(he)于(yu)臨時性(xing)、緊急性(xing)使(shi)用（主要適用于(yu)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池）。其設(she)計簡單、價格低，這種充電(dian)機(ji)一般不帶(dai)充電(dian)保護功能，也不會自動(dong)停機(ji)。此種充電(dian)機(ji)不適合(he)專業的及長期性(xing)對除啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池以外的蓄(xu)電(dian)池使(shi)用，因為長期使(shi)用會對充電(dian)機(ji)產生副作用。

    智能型充(chong)電機：

    主要適用(yong)于(yu)長期及保(bao)護性的(de)對專業蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。此種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)是變化的(de)，具有科學的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量控制技術，確保(bao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足，不過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、不欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時顯示運行狀態(tai)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量；具有自(zi)動(dong)檢測、延時啟(qi)動(dong)、開(kai)路(lu)、接(jie)反、過載(zai)、短路(lu)、過熱、溫度補(bu)償、恒流(liu)、恒壓、脈沖、均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)功(gong)能；具有自(zi)動(dong)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足后(hou)自(zi)動(dong)關機等(deng)功(gong)效(xiao)，無需人員看(kan)管。

    注意：充電時充電電流應稍小些，采用與電瓶容量相匹配的充電器（決不可以超過額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的15%），如采(cai)用(yong)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器易使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可能會發生(sheng)爆炸，導(dao)致傷人并造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命短(duan)(切記如只(zhi)追求充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的快速只(zhi)會對您的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)造(zao)成傷害)。另外充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器分(fen)為開口富液蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（加水型）及閥控式貧液式蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（所(suo)謂免(mian)維護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）兩(liang)種，它(ta)們的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線是不同的。目前市場上的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器大部分(fen)是為啟動(dong)型蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而設(she)計(ji)的，不適用(yong)于動(dong)力型蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。