充電器的種類：分用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但是易壞。 常用的開關電源式充電器又分半橋式和單激式兩大類，單激類又分為正激式和反激式兩類。半橋式成本高，性能好，常用于帶負脈沖的充電器；單激式成本低，市(shi)場占有率高(gao)。

       鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經有100多年的歷史了，開始全(quan)球普遍沿引老的觀(guan)點(dian)和操作規程(cheng)：充、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)率為(wei)0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量）壽命較長。美國人麥斯先生為(wei)解決快速充電(dian)(dian)問題，1967年向全(quan)世(shi)界公布(bu)了他的研究(jiu)成果(guo)，用(yong)大于1C率脈沖電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)有利于消除(chu)極(ji)化、降低電(dian)(dian)解液溫度、提(ti)高極(ji)板(ban)接受電(dian)(dian)荷的能力。

我國一(yi)些科技工(gong)作者在(zai)1969年(nian)(nian)前后，根據麥斯先(xian)生的(de)三(san)定(ding)律制作成功了(le)多種品牌的(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程是：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)暫(zan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年(nian)(nian)前后，有(you)人將這一(yi)原理用(yong)到(dao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，不(bu)(bu)(bu)切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)路(lu)瞬間(jian)，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)時由于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)切(qie)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)中串連(lian)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一(yi)般在(zai)1秒內短(duan)路(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)跳變，短(duan)路(lu)時間(jian)短(duan)促，可以保護(hu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換部分。如果(guo)把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向(xiang)叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)自然(ran)為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)業就出現(xian)了(le)名(ming)詞“負脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且(qie)稱可以延(yan)長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命等(deng)等(deng)。

近(jin)幾(ji)年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車普(pu)遍(bian)使用了所謂三(san)(san)(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恒壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)角度針(zhen)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而言：第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高恒壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低恒壓階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較(jiao)貼切。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)時，面板指示燈相應變(bian)換(huan)，大(da)多數充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)、二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅燈，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠燈。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的相互(hu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)是(shi)由充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)決(jue)定的，大(da)于(yu)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)入(ru)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于(yu)某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)入(ru)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

買新充電器要(yao)檢查三段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)三個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)，第一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)是(shi)涓(juan)流(liu)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第二個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)是(shi)第二階(jie)段(duan)的(de)高恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)，第三個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)是(shi)轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這三個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)參(can)(can)數(shu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)數(shu)目有(you)關(guan)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量Ah有(you)關(guan)，與溫度(du)有(you)關(guan)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)種類有(you)關(guan)。用(yong)戶一(yi)般(ban)可以(yi)自己測(ce)得(de)第三階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字萬用(yong)表的(de)200V直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測(ce)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個(ge)(ge)參(can)(can)數(shu)高恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)和轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一(yi)般(ban)需要(yao)專用(yong)工具才能測(ce)得(de)。

開關電源式充電器的(de)正(zheng)確操作是：充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，先(xian)插(cha)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，后加市電(dian)；充足后，先(xian)切斷市電(dian)，后拔電(dian)池(chi)(chi)插(cha)頭(tou)。如果在充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)先(xian)拔電(dian)池(chi)(chi)插(cha)頭(tou)，特(te)別是充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)大（紅燈）時(shi)(shi)，非常容易損壞(huai)充電(dian)器(qi)。

此外還需注意的是：1，變綠燈后再接著充2－3小時。2，原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充電，避免放光再充電。3，長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一次。4，長期淺放的電池，3個月左右，作一次深放電，就是所謂放光再充電，有利于電池深部的長期不動的物質的活化。放光的意思是，騎到控制器電池欠壓保護動作為止。5， 一般新電池投入使用8－10個月后，要對電池進行檢查和維護。6，一般名牌車配套的充電器是經過篩選的，通常不用測試，但是單獨到市場上采購的非配套充電器，一定(ding)要進行前述三個(ge)參數的(de)測試。7，有一種不帶(dai)工頻變(bian)壓器的(de)可(ke)控硅充(chong)電(dian)機，直(zhi)接整流(liu)市電(dian)為電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)流(liu)可(ke)到30A，電(dian)壓12V－80V可(ke)調(diao)，未徹底切斷市電(dian)前，千萬(wan)不要摸(mo)電(dian)池，貨(huo)運三輪使用這類充(chong)電(dian)機的(de)客戶特(te)別要注意安全。