電(dian)動自行(xing)車（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)“EB”）產(chan)業(ye)的(de)興起(qi)，對(dui)(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器提出了高要求。目前EB所配置的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，多(duo)屬(shu)于傳統(tong)的(de)三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)是將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程分(fen)為(wei)恒(heng)流、恒(heng)壓、浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)三(san)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)，以(yi)我(wo)國EB采用較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)36V12Ah鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池組(zu)為(wei)例，第(di)一(yi)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)以(yi)1.8A的(de)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)流將(jiang)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)到約44.4V；第(di)二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流減小至(zhi)(zhi)約0.3A，再次將(jiang)電(dian)池電(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)到44.4V；第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)將(jiang)電(dian)壓降(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)約41.4V，電(dian)流減至(zhi)(zhi)約50MA對(dui)(dui)電(dian)池進(jin)行(xing)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)。

從幾年來(lai)的(de)使用情況看，三段式充電(dian)器暴露了一(yi)些問題(ti)。以(yi)(yi)下仍以(yi)(yi)36V12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)池組為例，談(tan)談(tan)三段式充電(dian)器的(de)缺陷和(he)解(jie)決(jue)方案。

1、三段式充電器忽略了電池的負溫度特性

 ;      三段(duan)式充電(dian)器充電(dian)參數的設定除受所配電(dian)池單體極板面積(ji)大小、電(dian)極特性、電(dian)解液密度(du)等因素影響外，還受蓄電(dian)池的環境溫度(du)的影響。

雖然一直以來，人們(men)都明白電化學的(de)溫(wen)度效應是不能回避(bi)的(de)，但卻在充電器問題上(shang)忽略了。原(yuan)因(yin)可以有(you)很多，但特別應在此指出的(de)是：過去人們(men)對蓄電池容量、壽命與溫(wen)度之間關系的(de)感(gan)觸和認識從來沒有(you)象今(jin)天這樣直接(jie)和具體，須(xu)知，這是千萬個EB用(yong)戶參與了“實驗”的(de)結果(guo)。

在我國幾乎(hu)所有的(de)(de)地區，使用無溫度補償(chang)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電器，都會對電池(chi)造成損害。夏季過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，冬季欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)容易(yi)(yi)造成電池(chi)失水(shui)和(he)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)，電池(chi)失水(shui)后，硫(liu)酸(suan)濃度提高，加(jia)劇了板極腐蝕，就更容易(yi)(yi)產生硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)，硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)的(de)(de)電池(chi)表現為更容易(yi)(yi)失水(shui)。這是一種(zhong)連鎖反應。鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)是影響(xiang)EB續(xu)駛(shi)里程和(he)電池(chi)壽命的(de)(de)重要因素。

無(wu)溫(wen)度補嘗的充(chong)電(dian)器究(jiu)竟對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的損害(hai)有多大，目前還(huan)缺少實驗數據(ju)，對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行定(ding)量分析要比定(ding)性分析復雜困(kun)難得多，但(dan)以(yi)下的數據(ju)可(ke)以(yi)參考：EB標準規定(ding)，鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的循(xun)環次數不得不少于350次，但(dan)實際(ji)上有相當多的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用時(shi)間不到(dao)8個月，即循(xun)還(huan)次數不足(zu)240次。

充電器增加溫度補償功能并不困難，如只要將原基準電壓改為具有負溫度系數特性的基準電壓，一般就可以了。
2、三段式充電模式缺少修補性充電環節

      三(san)(san)段(duan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)恒(heng)流――恒(heng)壓――浮充(chong)(chong)三(san)(san)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階(jie)段(duan)，都是圍繞怎樣充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)來(lai)設(she)計的(de)(de)，因此，這(zhe)三(san)(san)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階(jie)段(duan)占用了全部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間，如36V12Ah電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流通(tong)常被設(she)定為18A，有公(gong)式(shi)(shi)：12(安時）×1.2（效率(lv)）÷8（小時）=1.8A。恰好能(neng)在(zai)標準規(gui)定的(de)(de)8h內將電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)，設(she)計時就沒打算留出修(xiu)補電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)時間，更何況三(san)(san)段(duan)式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器一般也不具備(bei)修(xiu)補電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)功能(neng)。

       產業(ye)界向來有(you)人認為：我國的(de)EB以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為主，并(bing)且(qie)采(cai)取(qu)的(de)是全動力模式，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)長期不能(neng)(neng)達標(biao)，我國的(de)EB產業(ye)將(jiang)可能(neng)(neng)有(you)再次夭折(zhe)的(de)危險。但技(ji)術界對(dui)(dui)此(ci)問題的(de)認識是：要想鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)達標(biao)，除有(you)待于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本身的(de)技(ji)術進步外，采(cai)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與修(xiu)(xiu)補(bu)功能(neng)(neng)兼備的(de)多功能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是解(jie)決問題的(de)有(you)效途(tu)徑。因此(ci)，我們建議立即從以(yi)下兩方面入(ru)手(shou)對(dui)(dui)EB充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)進行技(ji)術改造。一是將(jiang)36V12Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從1.8A提(ti)高到(dao)3A以(yi)上，用(yong)約4h的(de)時間對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行常規性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，留(liu)出4h以(yi)上時間對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行修(xiu)(xiu)補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；二是給充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)增加對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行修(xiu)(xiu)補(bu)性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)。

3、關于充電的波形和頻率

       充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器賴(lai)以(yi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生影響的是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)及其波形和(he)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)，其中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓主要與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)得(de)滿不滿有(you)關(guan)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)主要與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)得(de)快不快有(you)關(guan)，而充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的波形和(he)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)則主要與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)得(de)好(hao)好(hao)不好(hao)有(you)關(guan)，這(zhe)里(li)的“好(hao)不好(hao)”指得(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量(liang)和(he)壽命。實踐(jian)證明，以(yi)上三者雖各有(you)側重(zhong)，但其關(guan)系(xi)是相(xiang)輔相(xiang)成、不可忽略的。

充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)屬于電(dian)源(yuan)技術領域，在充(chong)電(dian)過程中(zhong)強調波(bo)形和(he)頻(pin)率的(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)開關電(dian)源(yuan)出(chu)現(xian)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)事，而三段(duan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)現(xian)在線性電(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)期，因此，三段(duan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偏重(zhong)于充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)流，缺少充(chong)電(dian)波(bo)形和(he)頻(pin)率方面的(de)(de)內容是(shi)(shi)(shi)情有可(ke)原的(de)(de)。現(xian)在，EB配置的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)全都是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)開關電(dian)源(yuan)技術設計的(de)(de)，但卻(que)仍(reng)采用(yong)三段(duan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，這顯(xian)然是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)相宜的(de)(de)，據我(wo)們調查和(he)檢測，目(mu)前的(de)(de)EB充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)還不(bu)同程度地存在以(yi)下問題：

（1）輸出紋波(bo)太小。有的竟只有50mV，顯然這是將充(chong)電器當成穩壓電源來做了，也許(xu)這種紋波(bo)可以(yi)用來給(gei)鋰離(li)子電池充(chong)電，但對(dui)于36V鉛酸蓄電池來說(shuo)，充(chong)電脈沖的幅值應以(yi)1-2V為好。

（2）輸(shu)出(chu)連續(xu)三角(jiao)波(bo)(bo)。這通常(chang)是(shi)正(zheng)激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器才有的(de)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)，由于(yu)極(ji)化(hua)現象的(de)存在，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)忌諱用直流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，包括連續(xu)三角(jiao)波(bo)(bo)。常(chang)規性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最好波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)是(shi)單端反激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通常(chang)所輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)下(xia)降型(xing)脈沖，尤其(qi)是(shi)緊接脈沖之后存在的(de)一段休止時間，還可(ke)以消除鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學極(ji)化(hua)；比較而(er)言，正(zheng)激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)溫升雖然可(ke)以做得低一些(xie)，但其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)波(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)不如反激(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，不過(guo)這可(ke)以通過(guo)調(diao)整其(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)三角(jiao)波(bo)(bo)的(de)占空比來加以彌補。

（3）在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之(zhi)間串聯(lian)有一(yi)二極管。其目的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)為了防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但(dan)這樣(yang)做是(shi)(shi)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就是(shi)(shi)需要(yao)又(you)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)放(fang)，邊(bian)充(chong)(chong)邊(bian)放(fang)，充(chong)(chong)多放(fang)少，哪怕放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)百分之(zhi)一(yi)，也將(jiang)會對抑制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池氣化(hua)(hua)和(he)抬高氣化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等產生(sheng)不可(ke)替代的(de)(de)(de)作用。應該認識到，如能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)一(yi)常規性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期留出幾微秒和(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)修補性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周(zhou)期留出幾秒鐘用來(lai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，對消除(chu)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學極化(hua)(hua)和(he)濃(nong)差極化(hua)(hua)，從而增加和(he)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)容量和(he)壽命將(jiang)會有決定性意(yi)義。

（4）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率單調。一(yi)個優秀(xiu)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)必須具有(you)(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式：脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、負脈沖(chong)激活、變頻充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)模(mo)式，只有(you)(you)具備這些(xie)技(ji)術的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)效地去除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度(du)極(ji)差、板柵硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化和極(ji)化現象。脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高頻充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及(ji)變頻充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，正在被越來越多地應用在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)上，可以預期，一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)兼有(you)(you)常規性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和修補性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)必將替(ti)代功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)單一(yi)的(de)三段式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)而成為EB的(de)主(zhu)流(liu)。

4、一種實用的EB多功能充電器的充電模式和參數

       如將(jiang)凡包含(han)常規性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)和(he)修補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)統稱為多(duo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，那么根據以(yi)兩(liang)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)結(jie)合(he)方式的(de)不同(tong)，可以(yi)設計(ji)出多(duo)種(zhong)模式的(de)多(duo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，但從EB的(de)適用角度(du)考慮，還是將(jiang)以(yi)上兩(liang)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)分開來(lai)設計(ji)好，即將(jiang)有限的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)劃(hua)分為兩(liang)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)段，前(qian)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)用來(lai)完成常規性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)用來(lai)進行修補性(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。以(yi)下仍(reng)以(yi)36V 12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組為例，介(jie)紹一種(zhong)實用的(de)多(duo)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式和(he)參(can)數。

4、1常規性充電階(jie)段

（1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)源類型(xing)：單端反激式開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源；（2）滿輸出充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率：25kHz，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源3A時的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源工作頻率；（3）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)波形：下降型(xing)三角脈沖(chong)(chong)；（4）脈沖(chong)(chong)幅度(du)：約1.6V；（5）脈沖(chong)(chong)最大(da)(da)寬度(du)：約25μs；（6）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)休止時間：約15μs；（7）放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：約50mA；（8）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：3A；（9）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)流：約10A；（10）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間：約4h，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)4h后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)上升到(dao)43.2V（常溫），容量已達75%以上；（11）減流轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：常溫下43.2V，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為“氣(qi)化點電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)”，即(ji)在用(yong)直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下，此(ci)時鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液已開(kai)始大(da)(da)量氣(qi)化。以下轉入修(xiu)補性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段。

4.2修(xiu)補性充電階段(duan)

（1）線(xian)(xian)性(xing)減(jian)流(liu)及范圍：電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓上升(sheng)到43.2V（常(chang)溫(wen)）時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)開始減(jian)小，減(jian)小的速率呈(cheng)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)，平均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)從3A最終減(jian)為不小于0.3A，或峰值(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)從約10A減(jian)為1A；

（2）充(chong)電頻(pin)率變(bian)化范(fan)圍：線性減流(liu)時，隨著充(chong)電電流(liu)的減小，充(chong)電頻(pin)率開始上升(sheng)，其變(bian)化范(fan)圍為25-100kHz；

（3）充電終止電壓：參見表1列出的“恒壓充電電壓”，該電壓相當于“氣化點電壓”加約1.2V，當電池電壓上升至該電壓時，充電器終止充電；

（4）重起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：參見表1列出的“浮充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)”，終(zhong)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)降，當(dang)降至重起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)將(jiang)再(zai)次起(qi)動(dong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，而后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)再(zai)次下(xia)降，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)將(jiang)循(xun)環反(fan)重地進行下(xia)去；

（5）, , 充(chong)電(dian)(dian)終止時間(jian)(jian)：終止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓下降的(de)時間(jian)(jian)起(qi)先(xian)較快，約幾秒(miao)鐘，隨著(zhu)時間(jian)(jian)推(tui)移，終止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)時間(jian)(jian)會越來越長(chang)，可達幾分鐘以上；

（6）修補(bu)性充電(dian)的延(yan)續時間：4h以上(shang)不限。