手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產(chan)品質(zhi)量的(de)好(hao)壞(huai)可從其工作性能、安全要求和電磁(ci)兼容性三個(ge)方面來衡量。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要(yao)有(you)充(chong)電(dian)方式(shi)、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓等參數(shu)要(yao)求。

（1）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式：規定了充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器是以恒流(liu)方式或是以恒壓(ya)(ya)方式給電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。對目前(qian)普遍使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)鋰(li)離子電(dian)池而言，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式應(ying)采用(yong)(yong)限(xian)流(liu)恒壓(ya)(ya)方式，即先以限(xian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)至電(dian)池限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后能(neng)自動轉為恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

（2）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流：規定了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)最大(da)輸出電(dian)(dian)流。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)大(da)小應(ying)與適用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)容量(liang)大(da)小相匹配，一般應(ying)不大(da)于1C5A。

（3）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：規(gui)定了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器最高輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)高低取決(jue)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓；對標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為3.6V的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，要求充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸出(chu)的(de)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一般為4.2V（實(shi)際上，手(shou)機(ji)用(yong)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)裝有(you)保護裝置，因(yin)此充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓也可略(lve)高于(yu)4.2V，但為了(le)保證安全，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不得高于(yu)4.5V）。

2、安(an)全(quan)要求。通俗來講就是要求產(chan)(chan)品的電路結構、機械結構和(he)電氣性(xing)能(neng)等應(ying)符合一定(ding)的安(an)全(quan)要求，不(bu)管(guan)產(chan)(chan)品處(chu)在正(zheng)常工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)或是異常（如(ru)(ru)輸出(chu)過載或短路、內部元器件失效或電路故障等）工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，都(dou)不(bu)應(ying)危害人和(he)財產(chan)(chan)的安(an)全(quan)。為(wei)了達到這一目的，充電器產(chan)(chan)品的安(an)全(quan)要求（如(ru)(ru)防觸電保護性(xing)能(neng)、絕緣性(xing)能(neng)、溫度(du)等等）應(ying)符合國家強制(zhi)性(xing)標準GB4943-2001中所規(gui)定(ding)的要求。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產品(pin)(pin)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼(jian)容(rong)性要(yao)(yao)求主要(yao)(yao)反映在電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)方(fang)面。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)分(fen)為傳(chuan)導騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)和(he)輻射(she)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)。由于開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)諸多優點，因而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器普遍(bian)采用(yong)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路。但是開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中開關(guan)(guan)器件的(de)(de)(de)高頻開通與關(guan)(guan)閉，會產生高頻諧波信(xin)號。這些高頻信(xin)號通過電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端子(zi)經電(dian)(dian)網傳(chuan)播(bo)或(huo)(huo)通過空間輻射(she)，將給環境帶來電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污染，騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)周(zhou)圍電(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)工作，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)還可能對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)安全運行及人體健康造成不良的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。因此，為了減小環境的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)污染，要(yao)(yao)求電(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品(pin)(pin)工作時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端子(zi)（或(huo)(huo)接口(kou)端子(zi)）騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)輻射(she)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)場強(qiang)應(ying)小于某一限(xian)值。對(dui)于手機用(yong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，其(qi)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)場強(qiang)應(ying)符合國(guo)家強(qiang)制性標(biao)準(zhun)GB9254-1998中B級限(xian)值的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。

二(er)、作(zuo)為(wei)消費者(zhe)，選(xuan)購一個質(zhi)量較好、適合使用的充電器產品(pin)以下幾點可(ke)供(gong)參(can)考：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才(cai)有安(an)全保(bao)證(zheng)。因此，應盡(jin)量選購有產品認證(zheng)標(biao)志的產品。

2、手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器一般都兼備兩(liang)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)措施(shi)，一種(zhong)是帶(dai)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)連接器與手(shou)機配(pei)合給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)）；另一種(zhong)是通(tong)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)座給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。選(xuan)購前，應(ying)清楚自(zi)己所用(yong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的類(lei)型、容量、標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓，以便(bian)選(xuan)購與之適配(pei)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的輸出空載電(dian)壓和輸出短路電(dian)流，判斷其實際數據是(shi)否與所標技術(shu)參數一(yi)致。