充電器的分類(lei)(lei)：用(yong)有(you)、無工頻（50赫(he)茲）變(bian)壓器(qi)區分，可分為(wei)兩大類(lei)(lei)。貨運三輪(lun)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一般使(shi)用(yong)帶(dai)工頻變(bian)壓器(qi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，體積大、重(zhong)量大，費(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，但是可靠，便宜；電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)摩則(ze)使(shi)用(yong)所謂(wei)開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，省電(dian)(dian)(dian)，效(xiao)率(lv)高，但是易壞。 常用(yong)的開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)又分半橋式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和單(dan)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩大類(lei)(lei)，單(dan)激(ji)(ji)類(lei)(lei)又分為(wei)正激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和反激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類(lei)(lei)。半橋式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)高，性能好，常用(yong)于(yu)帶(dai)負脈(mo)沖的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)；單(dan)激(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)低，市(shi)場(chang)占有(you)率(lv)高。

鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經有100多年的(de)歷史了，開始全球普遍(bian)沿(yan)引(yin)老(lao)的(de)觀(guan)點(dian)和操作規程：充、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)率為0.1C（C是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)）壽命(ming)較(jiao)長(chang)。美國人麥斯先生為解決(jue)快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)問題，1967年向全世界公布了他的(de)研究(jiu)成果(guo)，用(yong)大于1C率脈沖電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)間歇時對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)有利于消(xiao)除極化(hua)、降低電(dian)(dian)解液溫(wen)度、提高極板(ban)接受電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)能(neng)力。

我國一些科技工作者在(zai)(zai)1969年前(qian)后，根(gen)據麥斯先生的(de)三(san)定律制作成功了(le)多種品牌的(de)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環過程是：大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)暫放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)→大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……2000年前(qian)后，有人(ren)將(jiang)這一原理用到(dao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)，不切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)瞬間，進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時由(you)于(yu)不切(qie)斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)串連(lian)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在(zai)(zai)1秒內短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不能跳變，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時間短(duan)(duan)促，可以(yi)保護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換(huan)部分(fen)。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方(fang)向叫(jiao)正(zheng)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)然為(wei)負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)業就出現了(le)名詞“負脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且稱可以(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命等(deng)等(deng)。

近幾年(nian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車普遍使用了所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)恒壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)涓流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術角度針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池而(er)言：第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)限流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)二(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)恒壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)(jiao)低恒壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼切。第(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉換(huan)時，面板指示燈相(xiang)應變換(huan)，大(da)多數充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)、二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅燈，第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變綠燈。第(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)相(xiang)互轉換(huan)是(shi)由(you)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)決定的(de)，大(da)于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進入(ru)(ru)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于某電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進入(ru)(ru)第(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也叫(jiao)(jiao)轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

買(mai)新充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器要(yao)(yao)檢查(cha)三(san)段(duan)式充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)，第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是涓流階段(duan)的(de)低(di)(di)恒壓(ya)值，第(di)(di)二個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是第(di)(di)二階段(duan)的(de)高(gao)恒壓(ya)值，第(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)是轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。這三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數(shu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)數(shu)目有(you)關(guan)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容量Ah有(you)關(guan)，與溫(wen)度有(you)關(guan)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)種類有(you)關(guan)。用戶一(yi)般可以自己測(ce)(ce)得第(di)(di)三(san)階段(duan)的(de)低(di)(di)恒壓(ya)值。方(fang)法是，不接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器加市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用數(shu)字(zi)萬用表的(de)200V直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測(ce)(ce)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另(ling)兩(liang)個(ge)參(can)數(shu)高(gao)恒壓(ya)值和轉折(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流一(yi)般需要(yao)(yao)專用工(gong)具才能測(ce)(ce)得。

開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)正確操作是：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，先插電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，后(hou)加市電(dian)(dian)；充(chong)足(zu)后(hou)，先切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)，后(hou)拔電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插頭。如果在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)先拔電(dian)(dian)池(chi)插頭，特別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大（紅燈(deng)）時(shi)，非常容(rong)易(yi)損(sun)壞(huai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器。

此(ci)外(wai)還需注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：1，變(bian)綠燈(deng)后(hou)再(zai)接(jie)著充(chong)2－3小時(shi)。2，原則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）勤充(chong)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)），就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)騎行(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)足夠遠(yuan)，也要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免放(fang)(fang)光再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。3，長期不(bu)(bu)騎，要(yao)定期（2－3個(ge)月(yue)）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次(ci)。4，長期淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，3個(ge)月(yue)左右，作(zuo)一次(ci)深(shen)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)謂放(fang)(fang)光再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深(shen)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)長期不(bu)(bu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)活化。放(fang)(fang)光的(de)(de)(de)(de)意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，騎到控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)欠壓(ya)保護動(dong)作(zuo)為止。5， 一般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)投(tou)入使用8－10個(ge)月(yue)后(hou)，要(yao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha)和維(wei)護。6，一般名牌車配套的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經過(guo)篩(shai)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，通常(chang)不(bu)(bu)用測試，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單獨到市場上(shang)采(cai)購的(de)(de)(de)(de)非配套充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，一定要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)前(qian)述三(san)個(ge)參(can)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)測試。7，有(you)一種不(bu)(bu)帶工頻變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，直接(jie)整流市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可(ke)(ke)到30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可(ke)(ke)調，未(wei)徹(che)底切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬不(bu)(bu)要(yao)摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨運(yun)三(san)輪使用這類充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)客戶特別要(yao)注(zhu)意安(an)全。