電瓶充電器一般采用了進口電源模塊，是目前最新穎的高頻電子電路智能型自動充電器。損耗低、功效高。適用于12V、24V電瓶充電用，充電器還具有防反接功能，若不連接或極性反接則無電壓輸出，只有正確連接才能正常工作，還具有過壓、過流、過熱等保護.充電的原理是充電器的電壓高于電池的電壓，才能夠充電，二者之間的電動勢差越大，充電越快，充電電流越大，所以一般的24V充電器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)（空載）為(wei)28V，而60A是說的最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)出力(li)(li)能力(li)(li)，而你充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)已經有了(le)負載，這時的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)正(zheng)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，40A的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的完成越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)小(xiao)。另(ling)外(wai)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大(da)(da)小(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的容量大(da)(da)小(xiao)也是有關(guan)系的.

1.電瓶的種類和日常維護
　　目(mu)前，我們常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)為三(san)類,分(fen)別為普通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、干(gan)(gan)荷(he)(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)免維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)。普通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)；普通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)板是(shi)由(you)鉛(qian)和(he)鉛(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)物(wu)構(gou)成(cheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)是(shi)硫(liu)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)溶液(ye)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)優點(dian)(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩定(ding)、價格便宜(yi)；缺點(dian)(dian)是(shi)比能(neng)(neng)低(即每公斤蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng))、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命短(duan)(duan)和(he)日常(chang)維(wei)護(hu)頻(pin)繁。干(gan)(gan)荷(he)(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全稱(cheng)是(shi)干(gan)(gan)式(shi)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)負極(ji)板有(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力，在(zai)(zai)完全干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)狀態(tai)下，能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)年內(nei)保(bao)存(cun)所(suo)得到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)，只需(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)，等過20―30分(fen)鐘(zhong)就(jiu)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。免維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)：免維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)由(you)于(yu)自身結構(gou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗量(liang)(liang)非常(chang)小(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命內(nei)基本(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)補(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)。它(ta)還具有(you)(you)(you)耐震、耐高溫、體積(ji)小(xiao)、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命一(yi)般為普通(tong)(tong)(tong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)倍。市場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)：第一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)購買時(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)性加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)以(yi)后(hou)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)維(wei)護(hu)(添加(jia)(jia)(jia)補(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)液(ye))；另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)本(ben)(ben)身出廠時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)已經(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)并(bing)封(feng)死(si)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶根本(ben)(ben)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)補(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)液(ye)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正確使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)維(wei)護(hu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)下7點(dian)(dian):1、檢(jian)查(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)支架(jia)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固定(ding)螺栓是(shi)否(fou)擰緊(jin),安裝不(bu)(bu)(bu)牢靠會(hui)(hui)因行車震動而引起殼體損壞。另外(wai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)將金屬物(wu)放在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上以(yi)防短(duan)(duan)路(lu)。2、時(shi)(shi)常(chang)查(cha)看極(ji)柱和(he)接(jie)線頭(tou)連接(jie)得是(shi)否(fou)可(ke)靠。為防止接(jie)線柱氧化(hua)可(ke)以(yi)涂(tu)抹(mo)凡士林等保(bao)護(hu)劑(ji)。3、不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直接(jie)打火(短(duan)(duan)路(lu)試驗)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)檢(jian)查(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)這(zhe)樣會(hui)(hui)對蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造(zao)成(cheng)損害。4、普通(tong)(tong)(tong)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意定(ding)期添加(jia)(jia)(jia)蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)。干(gan)(gan)荷(he)(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)前最好適當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。至于(yu)可(ke)加(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)維(wei)護(hu)適當(dang)查(cha)看必要(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)有(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)延(yan)長使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命。5、蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)蓋上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣孔應通(tong)(tong)(tong)暢。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)產生大量(liang)(liang)氣泡若通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣孔被堵塞使(shi)氣體不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)逸(yi)出當(dang)壓力增大到一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度后(hou)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)殼體炸裂。6、在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)柱和(he)蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周圍常(chang)會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)黃白色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糊狀物(wu),這(zhe)是(shi)因為硫(liu)酸(suan)腐(fu)蝕了根柱、線卡、固定(ding)架(jia)等造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)些物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻很(hen)大，要(yao)(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)清(qing)除。7、當(dang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊(kuai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)串聯(lian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最好相等。否(fou)則會(hui)(hui)影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命

2.影響電瓶容量和使用壽命的幾種情況
　　引(yin)起(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)，主要(yao)(yao)分以下(xia)幾方面(mian)(mian)　1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出(chu)廠(chang)后到達用戶外來(lai)能及時安裝使用，造(zao)成(cheng)長期(qi)(qi)(qi)貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)高(gao)低對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有很(hen)(hen)大影響，長期(qi)(qi)(qi)貯(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)勢必(bi)造(zao)成(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會引(yin)起(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)足。　2）正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板腐(fu)蝕，變形(xing)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)足。鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板是(shi)影響該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)壽命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)因(yin)(yin)素。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，尤其是(shi)深循下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)降與正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)偏差密切相關。　a.正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板柵上活(huo)(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質軟化(hua)脫落微(wei)觀上活(huo)(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質中存(cun)在著(zhu)大孔(kong)和繳孔(kong)，大孔(kong)尺寸超過0.5cm，它是(shi)由許多(duo)小孔(kong)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，隨著(zhu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進行，活(huo)(huo)(huo)性物(wu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)收(shou)縮，形(xing)成(cheng)核(he)心而(er)成(cheng)珊瑚狀結構(gou)，多(duo)次放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)使用小孔(kong)聚集增多(duo)，使大孔(kong)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加(jia)，破壞了正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)結構(gou)，導致活(huo)(huo)(huo)性物(wu)脫落。出(chu)現這些情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原因(yin)(yin)是(shi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)致。避免(mian)(mian)發生應保證充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和避免(mian)(mian)出(chu)現過充或(huo)過放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。　b.正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板柵腐(fu)蝕變形(xing)　板柵的(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕速度(du)取決于板柵合金的(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)，但儲存(cun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)越高(gao)，腐(fu)蝕速度(du)越快，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度(du)越深，腐(fu)蝕越嚴重。　3)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)板硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)　在正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)中，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)板上的(de)(de)(de)(de)PbSO4顆粒小，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)(hen)容(rong)(rong)易恢復(fu)為(wei)(wei)絨狀鉛(qian)(qian)，但有的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)生成(cheng)了難(nan)以還原的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)，稱為(wei)(wei)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鹽(yan)化(hua)。 引(yin)起(qi)(qi)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)鹽(yan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)，諸如放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后不(bu)(bu)能及時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長期(qi)(qi)(qi)擱置(zhi)，引(yin)起(qi)(qi)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃(nong)度(du)過高(gao)，長期(qi)(qi)(qi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)長期(qi)(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)用常規方法很(hen)(hen)難(nan)還原，這樣(yang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)減少勢必(bi)影響到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。