美國太空總署曾(ceng)針對如何延長電(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)進行專項(xiang)研究。研究的(de)結果顯示，電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)越滿(man)、損耗也會越大。如果能使鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)量保持在中(zhong)間(jian)狀態，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命(ming)將(jiang)會更(geng)長。這意(yi)味著，既(ji)不要將(jiang)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)到100%，也不要將(jiang)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)量耗盡，充電(dian)與放電(dian)的(de)間(jian)隔越小越好。

而對于鋰電池充電的常見充電方式：

  1. 恒流充電：在充電過程中保持恒定的電流給電池充電，是最常見的充電方式，一般充電器都采用恒流充電；

  2. 恒(heng)流恒(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)承受的(de)上線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為設定(ding)的(de)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，我(wo)們鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最常用(yong)的(de)都是采用(yong)的(de)此(ci)種(zhong)方案(an);

  3. 非恒流充電：采用(yong)線性電源(yuan)，加(jia)簡單的控制電路，成(cheng)本低。

為避免電池過充，需要在必要時對充電過程或在充電完成時予以控制或終止。常見的充電控制方法有以下4種：

  1. 時(shi)間控(kong)制(zhi)： 通過設置一定的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間來控(kong)制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)終點(dian)，一般(ban)按照充(chong)(chong)入120%~150%電(dian)池標稱容量所(suo)需(xu)的對應時(shi)間來控(kong)制(zhi)；

  2. -△V控制： 當(dang)電(dian)池(chi)充滿(man)電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)會達到一(yi)個峰(feng)值，然后電(dian)壓(ya)會下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)一(yi)定的(de)值時(shi)，終(zhong)止充電(dian)；

  3. 峰(feng)(feng)值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控制： 通(tong)過檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來判斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)終點，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到峰(feng)(feng)值(zhi)時(shi)，終止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；

  4. TCO控制： 當電池溫度升(sheng)高一(yi)定數值時(shi)停止充電。