一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的核(he)心(xin)為直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)器，它從一(yi)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)吸收(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，以(yi)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)入一(yi)個可(ke)(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的輸出功(gong)率有限，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢Es在一(yi)定范圍內(nei)(nei)緩慢變化，當Es為不(bu)同(tong)值時(shi)，直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)結構(gou)，參(can)數可(ke)(ke)以(yi)不(bu)同(tong)。監測(ce)和控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由(you)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變換(huan)器供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由(you)于Es的變化極慢，監測(ce)和控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)應該采用間歇工作方式，以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)其能(neng)耗。可(ke)(ke)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢Ec=3.6V，內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成功(gong)(gong)標準 1、基本要求（1）在(zai)Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流Ic大于(yu)（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在(zai)Rs=100Ω時(shi)，能(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的Es盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)低(di)(di)。（3）Es從(cong)0逐漸升高時(shi)，能(neng)自動啟動充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的Es盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)低(di)(di)。（4）Es降(jiang)低(di)(di)到不能(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)低(di)(di)至0時(shi)，盡量降(jiang)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。（5）監測和控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工作間歇設定范圍(wei)為 0.1 s～5s。 2、自由發(fa)揮部分（1）在(zai)Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時(shi)，以盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的Es盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)低(di)(di)。當(dang)Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)Rs =1Ω；當(dang)Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池完(wan)全放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，Es從(cong)0逐漸升高時(shi)，能(neng)自動啟動充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)（充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出端(duan)開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流＞0）的Es盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)低(di)(di)。當(dang)Es≥1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)Rs =1Ω；當(dang)Es＜1.1V時(shi)，取(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降(jiang)低(di)(di)成本.