電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術(shu)是十九(jiu)世紀末(mo)、二十世紀初開始(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)新興技術(shu)，二十世紀發(fa)展(zhan)最迅速(su)，應用(yong)最廣泛，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)近代科學(xue)技術(shu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個重要標志。 第一(yi)(yi)代電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品以電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)管(guan)為(wei)核心。四十年(nian)(nian)代末(mo)世界上(shang)誕生了(le)第一(yi)(yi)只半導(dao)體三極管(guan)，它以小巧、輕便、省電(dian)(dian)(dian)、壽命長等特點，很(hen)快地被各(ge)國應用(yong)起來，在(zai)很(hen)大(da)(da)范圍內取代了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)管(guan)。五(wu)十年(nian)(nian)代末(mo)期，世界上(shang)出現了(le)第一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，它把許多晶體管(guan)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件集成(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)硅(gui)芯片上(shang)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品向更小型(xing)化發(fa)展(zhan)。集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)從(cong)小規(gui)模(mo)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)超大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，從(cong)而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品向著高效(xiao)能(neng)低(di)消耗(hao)、高精度(du)、高穩定、智能(neng)化的(de)方向發(fa)展(zhan)。

小型便攜式電子產品采用的鋰離子電池或鋰聚合物電池的容量較小，大部分在400~1000mAh范圍內，與之配套的充電器的最大充電電流為450~1000mAh.由于電流不大，一般采用線性充電器。鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)不足之處在(zai)于(yu)對(dui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)要(yao)求(qiu)比較苛刻(ke)，需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式是(shi)恒流恒壓(ya)方(fang)式，為(wei)有(you)效利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量，需(xu)將(jiang)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，但是(shi)過(guo)壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池損(sun)壞，這就要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)的(de)控(kong)制精度。另(ling)外，對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)低的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行預充，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)最好(hao)帶(dai)有(you)熱保(bao)護(hu)和時間保(bao)護(hu)，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供附加(jia)保(bao)護(hu)。因此，安全有(you)效的(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對(dui)于(yu)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池來(lai)說就是(shi)必(bi)須而(er)且是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。

鋰離子電池充電器外接限流型充電電源和P溝道場效應管，可以對單節鋰離子電池進行安全有效的快充，其最大特點是在不使用電感的情況下仍能做到很低的功率耗散，采用8腳μMAX封裝。充電控制精度達0.75%,可以實現預充電，具有過壓保護和溫度保護功能，最長充電時間限制為鋰離子電池提供二次保護，鋰離子電池充電器的(de)(de)浮充(chong)(chong)方(fang)式能(neng)夠使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量充(chong)(chong)至最大。當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在正常的(de)(de)工作溫度范圍內時(shi)，插入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池將啟(qi)動(dong)一次充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)是平均的(de)(de)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到快充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)1%,或時(shi)間超出(chu)片上預置(zhi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠自動(dong)檢(jian)測充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)自動(dong)關斷以減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。啟(qi)動(dong)快充(chong)(chong)后打開外接的(de)(de)P型場效應(ying)管(guan)，當檢(jian)測到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到設定(ding)的(de)(de)門限(xian)時(shi)進入脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式，P溝(gou)道場效應(ying)管(guan)打開的(de)(de)時(shi)間會越來越短，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)，LED指示燈將會按12%的(de)(de)周期閃爍(shuo)。

近年來，一些(xie)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量稍(shao)大的(de)便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)電(dian)子產品(pin)(如便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)DVD、礦燈、攝(she)像機、便(bian)(bian)攜式(shi)(shi)測量儀器(qi)、小型(xing)電(dian)動工具等)往(wang)往(wang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)1500mAh到5400mAh容量的(de)鋰離子電(dian)池。若采(cai)用(yong)(yong)500~1000mA充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，則充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間太長(chang)。

有(you)人提出(chu)：能否在(zai)1A線(xian)性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)路(lu)中加一個擴(kuo)流(liu)電(dian)路(lu)，使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)擴(kuo)大到2~2.5A,解決3000~5400mAh容量鋰離子電(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)問題。如果擴(kuo)流(liu)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)性(xing)能不錯、電(dian)路(lu)簡(jian)單、成本不高，這(zhe)是個好(hao)主意(yi)。筆(bi)者就(jiu)按(an)這(zhe)一思路(lu)設計一個擴(kuo)流(liu)電(dian)路(lu)。這(zhe)電(dian)路(lu)采用型號為CN3056的(de)1A線(xian)性(xing)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)為基(ji)礎，另外加上擴(kuo)流(liu)電(dian)路(lu)及(ji)控制電(dian)路(lu)組成。

CN3056簡介

CN3056組(zu)成的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器按恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)模(mo)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，若(ruo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)<3V,則(ze)有(you)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)預充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)式;充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可設定(ding)，最大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為1A;精電(dian)(dian)(dian)密度(du)4.2V±1%、有(you)熱調節、欠(qian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鎖存(cun)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)檢(jian)測、超(chao)溫(wen)保護(hu)及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態和(he)溫(wen)度(du)超(chao)差指示功(gong)(gong)能;10引腳小(xiao)尺寸DFN封裝(3mm×3mm)。CN3056是可以(yi)對單節鋰(li)離子或者鋰(li)-聚合物電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)/恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。該器件內(nei)部(bu)(bu)包括功(gong)(gong)率晶體管，應用時(shi)不需要外部(bu)(bu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和(he)阻(zu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)二極管

若充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率在(zai)0.5~1C之(zhi)(zhi)間、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)0~45℃之(zhi)(zhi)間(室溫(wen)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian))，則CN3056充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)可省去電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)超(chao)溫(wen)指示電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(引(yin)腳TEMP及(ji)FAULT端(duan)接地)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路如圖1所示。VIN是電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)、CE是使(shi)能端(duan)，(高電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)有效(xiao));RISET為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)ICH設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，RISET(Ω)=1800(V)/ICH(A);CHRG為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態信號輸(shu)出端(duan)：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時此端(duan)為高電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，LED亮;充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時此端(duan)為高阻抗(kang)，LED滅;電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)未裝入(ru)(ru)或接觸不良(liang)，LED閃亮。