電源適配器整流器(qi)(qi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統中(zhong)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)部分，因此，一些自主開發的(de)(de)(de)廠商(shang)很注重電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)整流器(qi)(qi)技(ji)術性能的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進，其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)整流器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)可靠性和效率得到很大提高(gao)(gao)，使其(qi)成本和高(gao)(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干擾降低(di)。那你對電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)整流技(ji)術了解多少?電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)負載(zai)怎樣?

　　電源適配器整流技術

　　1、恒功率整流器技術

　　恒(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)整流器(qi)(qi)，其突出(chu)(chu)特(te)點是(shi)在(zai)規定的(de)交流輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和直流輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍內均能給(gei)出(chu)(chu)定功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)?這種采用恒(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)新(xin)型智能高頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配(pei)器(qi)(qi)系統，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配(pei)器(qi)(qi)構思上的(de)一個飛躍，也是(shi)現代電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配(pei)器(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備的(de)最優(you)選擇?

　　在普通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，其輸(shu)出特(te)(te)性(xing)可分為(wei)兩類，即恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)特(te)(te)性(xing)?在恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)普通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，其輸(shu)出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保持不變;在恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)普通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，其輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)保持不變?在恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)普通(tong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，如果負載電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值，則整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)將隨電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增加而(er)快速下(xia)降，直(zhi)到整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)過流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)而(er)關閉(bi)?其額定電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)?限(xian)定電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)及過流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值都(dou)很接近

　　恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)與限流(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)不同(tong)(tong)之處(chu)，是在恒(heng)(heng)壓和(he)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)階段中插入一個(ge)恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)階段，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就是所謂(wei)的(de)恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)?該整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)在三個(ge)不同(tong)(tong)輸出(chu)階段，即恒(heng)(heng)壓?恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)階段?恒(heng)(heng)壓和(he)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)階段的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)情況與限流(liu)(liu)型(xing)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)完全相同(tong)(tong)所不同(tong)(tong)的(de)是在恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)階段，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)保(bao)持不變(bian)?例(li)如，恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓可從60V隨著電(dian)流(liu)(liu)增加(jia)而線性地減小至43V?此(ci)時，系(xi)統(tong)仍(reng)處(chu)在正常工(gong)作(zuo)狀態?因此(ci)，采用恒(heng)(heng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)設計的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配器(qi)系(xi)統(tong)，一般只(zhi)需考慮電(dian)子設備最(zui)大負載和(he)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)冗余，就可以確定電(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)額定輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)?這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)與采用限流(liu)(liu)型(xing)電(dian)源(yuan)適(shi)配器(qi)系(xi)統(tong)相比較，所需的(de)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)和(he)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)模(mo)塊數量至少(shao)可以減少(shao)33%以上，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也就極大地節約了投資?

　　2、倍流整流器技術

　　通常(chang)DC/DC變換器(qi)(qi)是一(yi)個全橋功(gong)率變換器(qi)(qi)，高(gao)頻(pin)變壓器(qi)(qi)次(ci)級(ji)也常(chang)使用全波整(zheng)流(liu)技術(shu)?因此，在普通整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)中，高(gao)頻(pin)變壓器(qi)(qi)次(ci)級(ji)繞組必須有(you)一(yi)個中心抽頭并與電(dian)路參考電(dian)壓(地)相連?中心抽頭把高(gao)頻(pin)變壓器(qi)(qi)次(ci)級(ji)繞組分成(cheng)兩(liang)個電(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)?

　　倍流(liu)整流(liu)器由一個(ge)(ge)沒有中心抽頭的高頻變壓器次級繞組(zu)?兩個(ge)(ge)電感量相等而且同繞在一個(ge)(ge)磁芯上的電感器?兩個(ge)(ge)整流(liu)二極管(guan)和輸出電容器組(zu)成?

　　倍(bei)(bei)流(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次級繞組(zu)沒有中心抽頭，而且(qie)流(liu)過變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線(xian)圈和濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)只是輸出負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一半(ban)?因(yin)此，大大簡化了高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構設計?但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中需多加一個(ge)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)?兩(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感總值可等于或略小于普通全波(bo)(bo)(bo)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)扼流(liu)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感值，因(yin)為(wei)流(liu)過兩(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)和變(bian)化速(su)度均較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)?倍(bei)(bei)流(liu)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是兩(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總和，而兩(liang)個(ge)濾(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是相消的(de)(de)(de)(de)?因(yin)此，直流(liu)輸出脈動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)?

　　電源適配器的負載一一分析

　　1、變壓器的工藝問題

　　①浸漆烘干不到位(wei)，導致磁芯不牢固引起(qi)機械振動而發(fa)出響聲;

　　②氣隙的(de)長度不適合，導致變壓器的(de)工作狀態不穩定而發出(chu)響聲;

　　③線包沒有繞緊也可能(neng)導致響聲;

　　④磁芯組合有氣隙存在，高頻時(shi)引起空氣振動而發(fa)出響聲(變壓器如果經過真空全浸(jin)、并中柱點環氧(yang)樹脂、骨架與磁芯間點環氧(yang)樹脂--參考下圖框出來(lai)的位(wei)置，一(yi)般不會發(fa)聲)。

　　2、變壓器的環路問題

　　變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)的環路問題即指變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)的環路發(fa)生振蕩從而引起變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)發(fa)生嘯叫(jiao)。

　　①電路板布線不當，從而造成(cheng)干擾引發振蕩(dang)，導(dao)致響聲;

　　②反饋回(hui)路參數設置不(bu)當，導(dao)致環路不(bu)穩定以致產生振蕩(dang)而(er)發出(chu)響聲;

　　③環路中元器(qi)件的質量(liang)問題(ti)，如(ru)輸入濾波電容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)不足，輸出(chu)整流(liu)快恢復二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)質量(liang)不好，功率MOS管(guan)(guan)(guan)質量(liang)不好，RCD反沖吸(xi)收(shou)回路的高壓電容(rong)或二極管(guan)(guan)(guan)質量(liang)不好等等，這些(xie)問題(ti)都有可能(neng)導(dao)致震蕩而引起響聲。

　　3、變壓器的鐵心問題

　　變壓器鐵心發生飽和(he)時，線(xian)圈(quan)中電流增大，變壓器發熱并產生自(zi)激震蕩(dang)(dang)，線(xian)圈(quan)的振(zhen)蕩(dang)(dang)引起周圍空氣的振(zhen)動從而發出響(xiang)聲。

　　4、電源適配器的負載問題

　　①電源適(shi)配器(qi)在空(kong)載或輕載的(de)情況下，在某些工作點處會發生振蕩現象，表現為變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)嘯叫和輸出的(de)不(bu)穩定。

　　發(fa)生(sheng)這(zhe)種現象是由于空(kong)載(zai)/輕載(zai)時(shi)(shi)，開(kai)(kai)關瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)通時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)過大從而(er)造成輸出能量太大，進而(er)電壓過沖也很大，需要(yao)較長的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)去恢復到正常電壓，因此開(kai)(kai)關需停止(zhi)工(gong)作一段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，這(zhe)樣開(kai)(kai)關就工(gong)作于間(jian)(jian)歇性工(gong)作模式，使(shi)變壓器(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)較低頻率(有(you)規律(lv)的間(jian)(jian)歇性全截止(zhi)周(zhou)期或占(zhan)空(kong)比劇烈變化的頻率)的振動。

　　②變壓(ya)器工(gong)作在嚴重的超載狀態，時刻都有燒(shao)毀(hui)的可能——這(zhe)就是許(xu)多電(dian)源(yuan)燒(shao)毀(hui)前(qian)“慘叫”的由來。

　　對電源適配器的介紹就到這(zhe)里，如果(guo)您還有什(shen)么疑問可以聯系我們(men)(men)，我們(men)(men)會為您相信解答(da)!