充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應小(xiao)于或等于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)接(jie)收充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。否則，過(guo)剩的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)過(guo)快(kuai)地消(xiao)耗掉，產生以(yi)下危(wei)害：加(jia) 大(da)(da)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)失水率，增加(jia)維護工作量(liang)，對于免(mian)維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)早(zao)期失效(xiao)(xiao)；產生酸霧，造(zao)成(cheng)環境污染，危(wei)害工人身體健(jian)康；使充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)(xiao)率降低，造(zao)成(cheng)能(neng)(neng)源的(de)嚴(yan)重浪費。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)，是(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應的(de)逆反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)程(cheng)，如果(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)程(cheng)在理想的(de)狀(zhuang)態下進行(xing)，這(zhe)個過(guo)程(cheng)應該是(shi)互為逆反(fan)(fan)應，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)入的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)與(yu)(yu)放出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)應基(ji)本相等。但在嚴(yan)重析氣的(de)狀(zhuang)態下，有效(xiao)(xiao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)程(cheng)消(xiao)耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)達不到總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)40%，即(ji)浪費電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)60%以(yi)上。氣體的(de)產生聚集在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)內部，減少了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)與(yu)(yu)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)接(jie)觸面積，即(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應界面大(da)(da)幅度減小(xiao)，使充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)應速度降低，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十分困難，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間延長。

     嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)的(de)析氣(qi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)損害蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)：①大(da)量氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)產生(sheng)對極板活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)有沖刷作用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)(shi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質容易松軟和脫落。②在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)極化(hua)電(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)，正(zheng)極板的(de)板柵(zha)會(hui)(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)腐(fu)蝕(shi)，生(sheng)成Pb02，這種腐(fu)蝕(shi)物(wu)與電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學生(sheng)存的(de)Pb02是完全不(bu)同(tong)的(de)，是一(yi)種不(bu)可逆(ni)的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)較(jiao)差，并(bing)使(shi)(shi)板柵(zha)變形，脆(cui)裂，失去骨架和導(dao)電(dian)(dian)作用(yong)(yong)。因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時應(ying)盡可能(neng)防止過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。長(chang)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，未反應(ying)的(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質會(hui)(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)不(bu)可逆(ni)的(de)高(gao)(gao)陽性(xing)的(de)大(da)顆(ke)粒PbS04晶粒(即不(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽化(hua))使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量下(xia)降，內阻加(jia)大(da)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)難度加(jia)大(da)，造成蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)早(zao)期(qi)損壞。

    蓄電池要盡量保證充足電，防止不可逆硫酸鹽化。蓄電池充電深度對循環壽命影響很大，基本呈指數變化。這是由于正極活性物為Pb02，其結合牢度不高，放電時轉化成PbS04充電時又轉化成PbO2，而PbSO4的體積遠比PbO2體積大(其體積之比約為2：1)。因此，對正極板而言，活性物將會膨脹收縮反復進行，使其粒子之間的連接逐漸脫落，使蓄電池活性物失去放電特性成為“陽極泥”，使蓄電池性能下降，直至壽命終止。放電深度越深，膨脹收縮量越大，對活性物結合力破壞越大，壽命越短；反之則循環壽命越長。從理論上講蓄電池使用時應盡量避免深放電，應做到淺放勤充，前提是有特別匹配的充電器與之匹配。但是實際使用中，由于蓄電池充電受蓄電池充電器性能和蓄電池本身的離散及充電習慣及充電速度影響，充電器的電壓均比較高，或(huo)多或(huo)少都存在(zai)過(guo)充電。

    特別是充電多數在夜間進行，時間一般在6-10小時，平均8小時左右，若是淺放電，其充電很快就會到達末期，這時充電效率變低，會產生過充電。過充電時間比較長，加上頻繁充電，就會使蓄電池壽命因充電受到較大影響。最理想的充電要求根據實際情況而定，要參考平時運行頻率、里程情況、蓄電池廠提供的說明，以及配套的電池充電器性能等參數(shu)制定充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻(pin)次(ci)。按絕大(da)多(duo)數(shu)用戶的(de)(de)(de)情況，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度為50%-70%時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳(jia)，這樣可使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)達到最佳(jia)效果。實際使用時(shi)可折算(suan)成(cheng)騎行里(li)程，在(zai)需(xu)要時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。溫(wen)(wen)度對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)季節(jie)運行，主要存(cun)在(zai)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度增高時(shi)，各活性物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)活度增加，正(zheng)極析氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位一下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，負(fu)極析氧(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位也下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(負(fu)值下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang))，因(yin)此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)速度快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低。

    蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)(du)非常稀薄(bo)，特別是極板(ban)孔內(nei)(nei)及表面幾(ji)乎處于中性(xing)，過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)有(you)發(fa)熱傾向，體積膨(peng)脹，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)大(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)，明顯發(fa)熱(甚至(zhi)出現發(fa)熱變(bian)形)，這時(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛濃(nong)度(du)(du)特別大(da)(da)，存在枝晶體短路(lu)的(de)可能性(xing)增大(da)(da)，況(kuang)且此時(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸鉛會(hui)結(jie)晶成較(jiao)大(da)(da)顆粒，即(ji)形成不(bu)可逆硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)化，將進一(yi)步增大(da)(da)內(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復能力很差(cha)，甚至(zhi)無法修(xiu)復。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)應防止過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采取(qu)“欠(qian)壓保(bao)護”是很有(you)效的(de)措施。另外，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車“欠(qian)壓保(bao)護”是由控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)，但控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器以外的(de)其他一(yi)些設備(bei)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表、指示燈(deng)等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是由蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池直接(jie)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供給一(yi)般不(bu)受控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車鎖(開關)一(yi)旦合上就開始(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖然(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但若長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會(hui)出現過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不(bu)得(de)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間開鎖，不(bu)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)應立即(ji)關掉。前面已經(jing)對過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行(xing)了(le)闡述，過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)水損失(shi)，會(hui)加(jia)(jia)速板(ban)柵腐蝕，活性(xing)物質軟化，會(hui)增加(jia)(jia)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池變(bian)形的(de)幾(ji)率(lv)。