免維護鉛酸蓄電池充電、使用常識
一、蓄電池的安裝
蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)一(yi)(yi)般采用(yong)串(chuan)聯方式使用(yong)，即一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的正極與另一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的負極相(xiang)連，將所有蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)連在一(yi)(yi)起，最后余下正負接線(xian)端(duan)子與電動車對應(ying)接線(xian)相(xiang)連，電動車的電機、控制器(qi)、儀表等是蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的用(yong)電負載。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)都有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)，從(cong)安裝位置分有(you)斜杠式(shi)，后插(cha)式(shi)和底(di)盤式(shi)安裝，其(qi)(qi)結構形狀可謂五(wu)花八門。每家電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)廠都各(ge)有(you)特(te)色。如圖電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)用工程塑料制成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)強度較好(hao)，重量較輕，安裝方便。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)由底(di)槽、上(shang)(shang)蓋、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接觸點(dian)及充電(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)座(zuo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)鎖等(deng)組成(cheng)。底(di)槽與上(shang)(shang)蓋扣緊，并(bing)用自攻(gong)螺(luo)絲或螺(luo)栓緊固。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)是按(an)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)型號規格進(jin)行設計的，在(zai)整車(che)(che)設計時(shi)應考慮其(qi)(qi)良好(hao)的散熱性能。
二(er)、蓄電(dian)池的充電(dian)
“蓄(xu)電池不(bu)是用壞的(de)而是充(chong)壞的(de)”，這一說(shuo)法(fa)絕非(fei)危言(yan)聳聽，蓄(xu)電池充(chong)電性(xing)(xing)能好(hao)壞對蓄(xu)電池的(de)使(shi)用壽命和使(shi)用性(xing)(xing)能起著舉足輕重的(de)作用，必(bi)須重視。
1、蓄(xu)電(dian)池對充電(dian)工藝的要(yao)求(qiu)
認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充電(dian)的(de)基(ji)本要(yao)求是(shi)：充電(dian)電(dian)流應小于(yu)或等于(yu)蓄電(dian)池(chi)可接收(shou)充電(dian)電(dian)流。否則，過剩的(de)電(dian)流會使電(dian)解(jie)水液過快地消耗掉，產生以下危害：加大蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)失水率，增加維護工作量，對(dui)于(yu)免維護電(dian)池(chi)，會造(zao)成蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)早期(qi)失效；產生酸霧，造(zao)成環境污染(ran)，危害工人身體健(jian)康；使充電(dian)效率降低，造(zao)成能(neng)源的(de)嚴重浪費。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)，是放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)的逆反應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)，如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)在理想的狀態(tai)下(xia)進行(xing)，這(zhe)個過(guo)程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)該是互為逆反應(ying)(ying)，即充(chong)入的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量與放出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量應(ying)(ying)基本相等。但在嚴重析氣的狀態(tai)下(xia)，有效(xiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)消耗(hao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能達(da)不到總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的40%，即浪費(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能60%以上。
氣(qi)體的產生聚集在蓄電(dian)池多(duo)孔電(dian)極(ji)內部，減少了電(dian)解質(zhi)與多(duo)孔電(dian)極(ji)的接觸面積(ji)，即充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應界面大幅度減小(xiao)，使充(chong)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應速度降低(di)，充(chong)電(dian)十分困難(nan)，充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)延(yan)長。
嚴(yan)重的(de)析氣會損害(hai)蓄電池：
①大量氣體的(de)產生對極板活性物有沖刷作用，使(shi)活性物質容易(yi)松(song)軟和脫落。
②在較(jiao)高(gao)的極化電(dian)壓(ya)下，正極板(ban)的板(ban)柵(zha)會產生嚴重腐(fu)蝕，生成Pb02，這(zhe)種腐(fu)蝕物(wu)(wu)與(yu)電(dian)化學生存的Pb02是(shi)完全不同的，是(shi)一種不可逆的氧化物(wu)(wu)，導(dao)電(dian)較(jiao)差，并使(shi)板(ban)柵(zha)變形，脆裂，失去骨(gu)架和導(dao)電(dian)作(zuo)用。因此在充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)應盡可能防止過充(chong)電(dian)。
長(chang)期充電(dian)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)，未反應的活性(xing)物質(zhi)會產生不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)的高陽(yang)性(xing)的大顆粒PbS04晶(jing)粒(即不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽化)使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量下(xia)降，內阻(zu)加大，充電(dian)難度加大，造成蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)早期損壞。因(yin)此(ci)，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)要盡量保證充足(zu)(zu)電(dian)，防止不(bu)(bu)可逆(ni)硫(liu)酸鹽化。
2、充電頻(pin)次的選擇
蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)深度(du)對循環壽(shou)命影響很大(da)，基本呈指數(shu)變化。這(zhe)是由于正極活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)為Pb02，其(qi)結合(he)(he)牢度(du)不高，放電(dian)(dian)時轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)(cheng)PbS04充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時又轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)(cheng)P，而P的體(ti)積遠比(bi)P體(ti)積大(da)(其(qi)體(ti)積之(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)約為2:1)。因此，對正極板而言，活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)將會膨脹收縮反(fan)復(fu)進行，使(shi)其(qi)粒(li)子之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的連(lian)接逐漸脫落(luo)，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)失去放電(dian)(dian)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)為“陽極泥”，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能下降，直至壽(shou)命終止。放電(dian)(dian)深度(du)越(yue)深，膨脹收縮量越(yue)大(da)，對活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)結合(he)(he)力破壞越(yue)大(da)，壽(shou)命越(yue)短(duan)；反(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)則循環壽(shou)命越(yue)長。
從理論上(shang)講蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用時(shi)應盡量避免(mian)深放電(dian)(dian)，應做到淺放勤充(chong)(chong)，前(qian)提是有特(te)別匹(pi)配的鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器與之匹(pi)配。但(dan)是實際使(shi)用中，由(you)于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)受充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器性(xing)能(neng)和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)本身(shen)的離散(san)及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)習慣及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速度影響，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的電(dian)(dian)壓均比較高，或多(duo)或少都(dou)存在過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。特(te)別是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)多(duo)數在夜間進行，時(shi)間一般在6-10小時(shi)，平均8小時(shi)左右(you)，若是淺放電(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)很快就會(hui)到達(da)末(mo)期，這(zhe)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率變(bian)低(di)，會(hui)產生過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間比較長，加上(shang)頻繁充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，就會(hui)使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)受到較大影響。
最(zui)理想的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)要(yao)求根據實(shi)際(ji)情況而(er)定(ding)，要(yao)參(can)考平時(shi)(shi)運(yun)行頻率、里程(cheng)情況、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)廠提供的(de)說明，以及配套的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器性能等參(can)數制定(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)頻次(ci)。按(an)絕(jue)大多數用戶的(de)情況，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)以放(fang)電(dian)深度為50%-70%時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一次(ci)電(dian)最(zui)佳(jia)，這(zhe)樣可使(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)壽命達到最(zui)佳(jia)效(xiao)果。實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用時(shi)(shi)可折(zhe)算成騎行里程(cheng)，在需要(yao)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)一次(ci)。
3、溫度(du)對充電(dian)的(de)影響(xiang)
蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)高溫季(ji)節運(yun)行，主要存在(zai)過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的問題(ti)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)(du)增(zeng)高時，各活性物質的活度(du)(du)增(zeng)加，正極析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)一下(xia)降(jiang)，負(fu)極析氧電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)也下(xia)降(jiang)(負(fu)值下(xia)降(jiang))，因此，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時充電(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)度(du)(du)快，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時需要的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低(di)。為防(fang)止過高的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，應(ying)(ying)(ying)盡量降(jiang)低(di)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)(du)，保證良好(hao)散(san)熱(re)，防(fang)止在(zai)烈日暴(bao)曬后即充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并(bing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)遠離熱(re)源。
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)情況下(xia)，各活性(xing)物(wu)質活度降低(di)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上的(de)(de)P溶(rong)解變得(de)困難，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時消(xiao)耗(hao)P后很難得(de)到補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，所充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)幅度下(xia)降，正極(ji)板在(zai)-20℃時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅(jin)為常溫(wen)的(de)(de)70%，而負極(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受膨脹劑(ji)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，低(di)溫(wen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能(neng)(neng)力(li)更低(di)，-20℃的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅(jin)為常溫(wen)下(xia)的(de)(de)40%。因此(ci)，低(di)溫(wen)條件(jian)下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要(yao)存在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受能(neng)(neng)力(li)差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足的(de)(de)問題，要(yao)求(qiu)提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和延(yan)(yan)長(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)。改善低(di)溫(wen)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)主要(yao)應(ying)從負極(ji)著手。低(di)溫(wen)使用時應(ying)采(cai)取保溫(wen)防(fang)凍措(cuo)施，特別(bie)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時應(ying)放在(zai)溫(wen)暖的(de)(de)環境中，有利于保證充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防(fang)止不可(ke)逆硫酸的(de)(de)產生，延(yan)(yan)長(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。
蓄電(dian)(dian)池的存(cun)儲(chu)和使(shi)用期間，可定期進行活(huo)化充電(dian)(dian)，即所謂的均衡充電(dian)(dian)，這對(dui)防(fang)止蓄電(dian)(dian)池不可逆硫酸鹽化非常(chang)有利(li)，對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命很有好處，值得提倡。
三、蓄電池的使(shi)用注意(yi)事項(xiang)
1、防止過放電
蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后，繼(ji)續放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會嚴重損害蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)及循環壽命極為不利。
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時內(nei)阻較大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃度非常稀薄，特(te)別是(shi)極板孔內(nei)及表面(mian)幾乎處于(yu)中(zhong)性(xing)，過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時內(nei)阻有發熱(re)傾向(xiang)，體積膨脹(zhang)，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較大(da)時，明顯發熱(re)(甚至(zhi)出現發熱(re)變形)，這時硫(liu)酸鉛濃度特(te)別大(da)，生存(cun)晶枝短路的可能(neng)性(xing)增大(da)，況且(qie)此時硫(liu)酸鉛會結晶成較大(da)顆粒，即形成不可逆硫(liu)酸鹽化，將(jiang)進一步增大(da)內(nei)阻，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)能(neng)力很差，甚至(zhi)無法修(xiu)復(fu)。
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用時(shi)應(ying)防止過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，采取“欠壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護”是很有效的(de)措施。另外(wai)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車“欠壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護”是由(you)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)，但控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)以(yi)外(wai)的(de)其他一(yi)(yi)些設備(bei)如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表、指示燈等耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供給一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)受控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車鎖(開(kai)(kai)關)一(yi)(yi)旦合上就開(kai)(kai)始用電(dian)(dian)(dian)。雖(sui)然電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)，但若長時(shi)間放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會(hui)出(chu)現過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不(bu)得長時(shi)間開(kai)(kai)鎖，不(bu)用時(shi)應(ying)立(li)即關掉。
2、防止過充電
前面(mian)已經對過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)進行(xing)(xing)了闡(chan)述，過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)加大蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的水損失，會(hui)(hui)加速板柵(zha)腐(fu)蝕，活性物質軟化(hua)，會(hui)(hui)增加蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)變形的幾率。應盡量避免過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的發生；選擇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器參數(shu)要(yao)與蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)良(liang)好(hao)匹配，要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分了解(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在高(gao)溫季節的運行(xing)(xing)狀況，以及整個(ge)使(shi)用壽命期(qi)間的變化(hua)情況。使(shi)用時(shi)不要(yao)將蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)置(zhi)于(yu)過熱環境(jing)中，特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)應遠離熱源(yuan)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)受熱后要(yao)采取(qu)降溫措(cuo)施，待蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)恢復正常時(shi)方可進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的安裝位置(zhi)應盡可能保證良(liang)好(hao)散熱，發現過熱時(shi)應停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，應對充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器和蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)(xing)檢查。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)深度(du)較淺時(shi)或(huo)環境(jing)溫度(du)偏(pian)高(gao)時(shi)應縮短充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。
3、防止短路
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在短(duan)路(lu)狀態時(shi)(shi)，其短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可達數百安培。短(duan)路(lu)接(jie)(jie)觸越牢(lao)，短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(da)(da)，因此所有連(lian)接(jie)(jie)部分(fen)都(dou)會產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)量熱量，在薄弱環節發熱量更大(da)(da)，會將連(lian)接(jie)(jie)處熔斷(duan)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)短(duan)路(lu)現象。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)局部可能產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可爆(bao)氣(qi)體(或充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)集存的(de)可爆(bao)氣(qi)體)，在連(lian)接(jie)(jie)處熔斷(duan)時(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)火花，會引起(qi)(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)爆(bao)炸；若蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)時(shi)(shi)間較短(duan)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不是特(te)別(bie)大(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)，可能不會引起(qi)(qi)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)處熔斷(duan)現象，但短(duan)路(lu)仍會有過熱現象，會損壞連(lian)接(jie)(jie)條(tiao)周圍(wei)的(de)粘(zhan)結(jie)劑(ji)，使其留下漏液(ye)等隱患。因此，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)絕(jue)對不能有短(duan)路(lu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，在安裝(zhuang)或使用時(shi)(shi)應(ying)特(te)別(bie)小心，所用工(gong)具應(ying)采取絕(jue)緣措(cuo)施，連(lian)線時(shi)(shi)應(ying)先將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以外的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)連(lian)好(hao)，經(jing)檢查無短(duan)路(lu)，最后連(lian)上(shang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，布線規范(fan)應(ying)良好(hao)絕(jue)緣，防(fang)止(zhi)重疊受壓(ya)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)破(po)裂。
4、防止連接松動和不(bu)牢
若(ruo)接(jie)觸不牢，程度較(jiao)(jiao)輕，會發(fa)生導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不良，使其線(xian)(xian)路(lu)接(jie)觸部位(wei)發(fa)熱，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)損耗(hao)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏低，影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機功(gong)率，使行駛里程減少或不能(neng)正常(chang)騎行；若(ruo)在接(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)子部件接(jie)觸不牢(絕(jue)大(da)多數故(gu)障是(shi)在接(jie)線(xian)(xian)端(duan)與連線(xian)(xian)接(jie)頭部位(wei))，端(duan)子會大(da)量發(fa)熱，影(ying)響端(duan)子與密封膠(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)結合，時(shi)間一長就會發(fa)生漏(lou)液“爬酸(suan)”現象。若(ruo)在行駛過程或充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中出現接(jie)觸不牢，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)產生斷(duan)路(lu)，斷(duan)路(lu)時(shi)會產生強烈的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)花，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)點爆(bao)(bao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)爆(bao)(bao)氣(qi)體（特別是(shi)剛充好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內可(ke)(ke)爆(bao)(bao)氣(qi)體較(jiao)(jiao)多，且蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量足，斷(duan)路(lu)時(shi)火(huo)花較(jiao)(jiao)強烈，爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)性相當大(da)。）
電動(dong)(dong)車在運(yun)行時(shi)要承受較為強烈的振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)，因此，應對所有連(lian)接的可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)進行考(kao)核，接插(cha)件(jian)應帶“自鎖”功能，防止(zhi)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)和(he)拉動(dong)(dong)時(shi)脫落，對與(yu)蓄電池(chi)接線片(pian)的連(lian)線應采取接插(cha)件(jian)，并用焊(han)錫將其焊(han)牢，接插(cha)件(jian)與(yu)連(lian)線應用壓(ya)接方式（也可(ke)壓(ya)接后再用焊(han)錫焊(han)一遍增加可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)）。