近年來隨著原油的進一步緊缺，油價的不斷上漲。電動車作為一種綠色、環保、便捷的交通工具，越來越受到人們的喜歡，其發展勢頭異常迅猛，銷量一直以驚人的速度翻番遞增。電動車作為一個能耗低，污染小的新型交通工具，有著廣大的市場需求，是一種拉動內需的新型產業。因而有著非常巨大市場的潛力。
    在今年3月26日《湖北日報》刊登了一篇題為〈江城5萬電動自行車成“孤兒”〉的文章尤如一顆炸彈在消費者的頭上炸響，給廣大消費者敲響了警鐘。文中報導出現許多消費者買的電動自行車出現了質量問題后，想聯系廠家售后服務，卻被告知廠家已經倒閉。據相關調查：07年以前電動車的銷量是以幾何的倍數在增長，但從07年下半年開始電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷，至使許多生產廠家倒閉，而造成電動車出現了嚴重的滯銷的根本原因就是：電動自行車的“心臟”―電池出現了嚴重的提前老化問題，消費者對電動車產生了質疑，不再購買電動車了。
    電池是決定電動自行車性能的重要零件之一，是電動自行車的“心臟”，目前國內的電動車多數使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，這是因為密封鉛酸蓄電池具有免維護、安全不漏液以及價格低廉等特點，它可以完全滿足電動自行車的使用要求，特別是考慮到價格因素，預計在今后很長一段時期里，國內的電動自行車仍將主要使用密封鉛酸蓄電池，但是密封鉛酸蓄電池具有充電模式要求嚴格的特點，尤其是在循環使用的條件下，對充電條件的要求更為嚴格，同樣的電池在不同的充電條件下會表現出很大的差距，不恰當的充電方式很容易造成電池性能的不良，形象地說：“電池不是用壞的，而是充壞的。”所以整個電動車行業中就流傳出使用變頻脈沖充電器的密封鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命，會比使用普通三階段或四階段充電器的鉛酸蓄電池循環使用壽命延長一倍以上。
   

   我們(men)來了(le)解一(yi)下鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作過(guo)程(cheng)：鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)(huan)原；它是(shi)(shi)(shi)把正(zheng)、負(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)多(duo)孔內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)充(chong)出來，內阻(zu)隨充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)(yan)長而減小(xiao)，正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)就(jiu)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)），負(fu)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)還(huan)(huan)(huan)原成(cheng)(cheng)純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（純鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)），也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)(huan)原，負(fu)極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)；放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)稀流酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)跑進正(zheng)、負(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)多(duo)孔空隙內,變成(cheng)(cheng)30%-50%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)（硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)絕緣(yuan)體(ti)），內阻(zu)隨放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)(yan)長而增加，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)又還(huan)(huan)(huan)原為硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。而硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種非常容(rong)易結晶(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃度過(guo)高(gao)或靜態閑置時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)過(guo)長時(shi)(shi)，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)就(jiu)會(hui)“抱成(cheng)(cheng)”團，結成(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)晶(jing)體(ti)，這(zhe)(zhe)些硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)小(xiao)晶(jing)體(ti)再吸(xi)引周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，越變越大，就(jiu)象滾雪球一(yi)樣形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰性結晶(jing)團，結晶(jing)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)在低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)(bu)但不(bu)(bu)能(neng)再生(sheng)還(huan)(huan)(huan)原成(cheng)(cheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，反而還(huan)(huan)(huan)會(hui)加速(su)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)抱成(cheng)(cheng)團并沉淀(dian)附在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上(shang)，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)工作面(mian)積逐漸下降（這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)低(di)功率、低(di)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)加速(su)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)老化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本原因），這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)象就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人們(men)所(suo)叫(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽化(hua)(hua)(hua)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老化(hua)(hua)(hua)。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)會(hui)逐漸下降，很快就(jiu)無(wu)法(fa)使(shi)(shi)用。當(dang)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)大量(liang)堆集時(shi)(shi)還(huan)(huan)(huan)會(hui)吸(xi)引鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)微粒(li)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)枝，通過(guo)正(zheng)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)枝搭橋(qiao)就(jiu)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)短(duan)路(lu)。如果極(ji)(ji)板(ban)表面(mian)或密(mi)封塑殼有(you)縫隙，硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)結晶(jing)就(jiu)會(hui)在這(zhe)(zhe)些縫隙內堆積，并產生(sheng)膨脹張力，最終(zhong)使(shi)(shi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)斷裂(lie)脫落(luo)或外殼破裂(lie)，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)可修復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理性損(sun)壞。

 其次，在炎熱的夏天，蓄電池本身就在高溫下工作，普通三階四階充電器在(zai)(zai)(zai)恒(heng)壓(ya)階(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)后期析(xi)氣量(liang)非(fei)常(chang)嚴(yan)重（也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)失(shi)水量(liang)嚴(yan)重），它直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)，這(zhe)一階(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流偏(pian)小(xiao)，極板化合反應不(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)分，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入涓流階(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)參考(kao)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)極其不(bu)準確的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流取樣，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)后期加(jia)速嚴(yan)重失(shi)水，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫度(du)急劇上升而高于正常(chang)值，自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)急劇增加(jia)，這(zhe)樣在(zai)(zai)(zai)180次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之(zhi)后，即(ji)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿也(ye)無法轉換充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈和(he)關斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸出，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組中的(de)(de)(de)(de)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間不(bu)可避免地(di)出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)容量(liang)高低差別，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就會(hui)被(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)鼓變形，這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)壞(huai)了(le)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)260次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之(zhi)后，即(ji)使(shi)(shi)沒有被(bei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)鼓變形但已造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)過早(zao)衰退(tui)、老(lao)化、損壞(huai)。