對于常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)外出的人，每次出行都(dou)會發(fa)現行李(li)中很大一(yi)部分重量(liang)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，比如電(dian)腦(nao)、照相(xiang)機、手機、剃(ti)須刀(dao)、MP3等(deng)，還(huan)會常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)因為(wei)忘了(le)帶某一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器而(er)備受折磨。可以想象，如果統一(yi)了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器，機場、飯店和其他公共場所(suo)都(dou)可以隨意(yi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，可以省去多少麻煩。

　　當然(ran)，統一充電器(qi)的好處不僅是方(fang)便。

　　隨著手機等電子產品的普及，其造成的電子垃圾問題也越來越引起人們關注。充電器往(wang)往(wang)是作為產品的(de)附(fu)件一同出售。人(ren)們不斷(duan)更(geng)新這些電(dian)子產品，積累的(de)舊充(chong)電(dian)器數量巨大卻又(you)毫無用(yong)處。制造和運輸(shu)這些充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)過程不僅增加(jia)了成本也耗費了資源，同時污染(ran)了環境(jing)。

　　關于(yu)充(chong)電器不統一造成的能耗和污(wu)染，環保人士和專家多有提議。

　　例如，在環保壓力下，廠商推出的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)能耗比系統，就(jiu)旨在倡導(dao)人(ren)們使(shi)用(yong)能耗更低的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)；也(ye)有專(zhuan)家不斷(duan)研究如何開發更高效的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，詳細(xi)介紹使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)配合以(yi)達到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最大使(shi)用(yong)壽命，希(xi)望(wang)以(yi)此減少環境(jing)危害；還有科學家欲設計出利用(yong)耦合技術(shu)的無線充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)以(yi)解決充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)老化(hua)問題；全(quan)球電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)工程(cheng)師協會還發起倡議，希(xi)望(wang)設計出一(yi)(yi)個智能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，該充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)可以(yi)識別不同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(如鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))并采(cai)取最優化(hua)的方式對其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。美國能源部和(he)全(quan)球電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)工程(cheng)師協會還共同資助了(le)一(yi)(yi)個這樣的項(xiang)目。

　　統(tong)一充電器的呼聲早(zao)已有之，那么，為(wei)何遲遲不能統(tong)一？

　　2009年(nian)6月，歐洲(zhou)委員會表示，全球主要的手機生(sheng)產商都同意統一(yi)歐洲(zhou)手機充電器(qi)(qi)，從2010年(nian)開(kai)始，歐洲(zhou)的充電器(qi)(qi)將統一(yi)標準。歐盟作出了表率，但(dan)其具(ju)體實(shi)施結果還(huan)有待觀(guan)察。

　　今年(nian)初(chu)，在西班牙舉行的(de)2009年(nian)世界移動通信博覽會上(shang)，GSM協(xie)會與17家移動運營商(shang)和制造商(shang)共(gong)同宣布(bu)，計劃將Micro-USB采用為通用充(chong)電接口(kou)。按(an)照協(xie)定目標，自2012年(nian)1月(yue)1日起，所(suo)有上(shang)市的(de)新(xin)手機款式，都將支持通用的(de)充(chong)電連接器，而且新(xin)充(chong)電器將節能50%。

　　我們現(xian)在還無法(fa)預測，三年后這(zhe)項標(biao)準實行情況如(ru)何(he)，究(jiu)竟會有多少廠(chang)家(jia)參與，新(xin)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器售價如(ru)何(he)，數量巨(ju)大(da)的(de)舊充電(dian)(dian)器如(ru)何(he)處(chu)理。此外，即使手(shou)機充電(dian)(dian)器真的(de)實現(xian)統(tong)一，其他電(dian)(dian)子產品充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)統(tong)一何(he)時才能實現(xian)？道路似(si)乎還非常漫長。

　　廈門大學中國能源經濟研究中心最近的一項研究，討論了統一充電器的(de)(de)(de)(de)困難(nan)。首先(xian)是(shi)既(ji)(ji)得利(li)(li)益(yi)問(wen)題。據稱(cheng)，諾基亞與手機相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銷售(shou)和服務利(li)(li)潤(run)率近三年來維(wei)持在(zai)19%～20%。單看充(chong)電器(qi)銷售(shou)一項的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)潤(run)，可以(yi)(yi)發現，手機制(zhi)造商的(de)(de)(de)(de)大部分利(li)(li)潤(run)來源于這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)件銷售(shou)和維(wei)修服務。難(nan)以(yi)(yi)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要原因就在(zai)于，制(zhi)造商在(zai)充(chong)電器(qi)上已經形成了龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)既(ji)(ji)有(you)利(li)(li)益(yi)。

　　其次來自于(yu)技術(shu)原因。不同的制造商(shang)在電(dian)池(chi)及充電(dian)器上的技術(shu)投(tou)入不同。如果統一(yi)(yi)，投(tou)入和收(shou)益如何劃(hua)分？手機(包括(kuo)電(dian)池(chi))本身不斷(duan)進步，例(li)如更加輕薄，已(yi)經(jing)統一(yi)(yi)的充電(dian)器是否可以適(shi)應手機和電(dian)池(chi)的變化？

　　第三個原因來自于(yu)(yu)事故(gu)責任的(de)劃分。現有(you)(you)的(de)手機(ji)免責條款上一般會有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)提醒：如果使用非本品牌(pai)原裝充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，則由于(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)時造成的(de)諸(zhu)如漏(lou)電(dian)、爆(bao)炸等損失，制造商(shang)概不負(fu)(fu)責。充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)統(tong)一以后(hou)，即使有(you)(you)完備的(de)安全等標準，但一旦出(chu)了問題，誰來負(fu)(fu)責？